FACTORS DETERMINING A COUNTRIES EDUCATION SYSTEM

CHAPTER I

BACKGROUND

Comparative education as a science in education in particular and the world of science in general has an important position. Not only people who work in the world of education that can benefit of comparative education, but also those who have an interest and profession in the fields of social sciences (social sciences).

             Educational system is essentially a set of patterned means to cultivate cultural values of society that can undergo changes shapes and models according to the demands of life in order to pursue the ideals of the ideal life that is reflected in the pattern and the educational system in a country .

             The education system in a country certainly has differences from country to country. Therefore, in this paper will discuss the factors that affect a country's education system.

CHAPTER II

FACTORS DETERMINING A COUNTRIES EDUCATION SYSTEM

A. The relationship between the State and Education

             Studies state continues, which later gave birth to a new agreement that in order to support the sustainability of the individual struggle to realize the ideals, needed an institution that serves as a forum for the regeneration of the nation.

             The task of this institution is to print a decent human beings who carry out state duties. Feasibility in question is a dynamic man who is able to explore the dynamics of the times that of course in accordance with the initial movement of the platform is the achievement of the ideals of the country.

The regeneration of the institution then standardized into formal educational institutions. In this container is focused how to find the right formula to create individual as expected. Finally, experiments translated into the framework discovery earlier formulations. Such as the placement area in the shade of executive education, reform of the curriculum, the creation of the National Education Law, etc.

Linkage between education and state power can be seen as the linkage between educational institutions in the community with the state administration. Ie educational institutions in the form of concrete in the form of schools, various institutes courses, playgrounds, boarding school, organization with youth and families. But of all the existing educational institutions, educational institutions formallah most evident much contact with the power of the state, namely schools and universities.

            According to many experts, education in particular types of formal education in history is always associated with the power of the state. Relationships and the intersection appears to persist and will continue going on, although both are experiencing a shift in each line dengaan changes and demands of the times. Although both are experiencing a change in a particular historical period, but they have always suffered intersection synergistic and mutually beneficial as well as forms that are eksplitatif intersection.

Very state power so great covers the entire life of the people, then it can not be denied that the state also regulates educational life. The state has an interest to it, otherwise the world of education (especially the practitioners) also have great expectations for the country's attention to it. If this is normal, then the link between education and the state could take place in a symbiotic mutualism.

            As a process that is much determine the pattern and quality of life of individuals and society, it is not surprising if all parties viewed education as a strategic area for human life so that the programs and processes that exist within it can be designed, organized, and directed in such a way to get the output desired. This is one reason why a country very caring and providing large amounts budget for education. All was done in order to establish an educational system that has characteristics, quality, direction, and the desired output. To ensure the realization of the desire tersbut, many countries are implementing very strict control of the educational programs, both run by the state and held by the public.

State control of education is generally done in four ways. First, the education system is regulated legally. Both the education system is run as a bureaucracy, emphasizing adherence to the rules and objectivity. Third, the implementation of compulsory education (compulsory education). Fourth, political and economic reproduction takes place at the school took place in a particular context. State devices in the field of education, such as schools and educational administration has its own effect on the patterns, processes, and administration of education has its own effect on the pattern, process, and practice of education.

State authority to determine the rules and laws that serve as a template common to the national education system. Countries have regulatory functions or regulate and supervise the implementation of education, in order to avoid chaos and irregularities, in addition to not undermine national unity that is detrimental to the people and state. Regulation and supervision function was as fair and as evenly as possible.

The role of the state in the management of education is active, namely:

1. directing, guiding and supervising the implementation of education.

2. But it is clear not to monopolize education and not to apply to the regimentation of the education system guide.

             The role of the state should be flexible, open, full of wisdom through modern bureaucracy. For managing educational activities that focused on efforts to establish the type of man a good country for the present and for the future, which really requires wisdom and discernment.

B. Dependencies A State Education System

Dependencies educational system of a country is the education system's dependence on matters related to the country. Neither of the social, economic, and political state. An education system has a dependency (dependency) to the third dimension.
            The education system will continuously have a dependency with aspects of community life outside the educational, social, economic, and politics of a country. Among experts there is the view that the field of economics, politics, and education are the attachment and interdependence.

C. Factors Affecting Direct

Viewed in terms of the differences and similarities factor in the education system, there are several key factors that lead to social changes that affect the change in the existing educational system in all countries. These factors include:

1.      Urbanization and development / construction of metropolitan cities

2.      The explosive growth of large populations

3.      The rapid advancement of modern technology in all areas of life, especially in the field of production

4.      The possibility of a long life expectancy thanks to the well-being increased

5.      The interdependence between nations living

6.      The emergence of international organizations

Although the impact on countries that are not always the same in the process of changes to the educational system, but sooner or later the effects of the above factors will force the community or nation to initiate overcome all the problems that arise through the process of innovation (renewal) each educational system .
           
D.  Factors Affecting Indirectly

About background objectively affect the educational system of a country, there are some cultural experts expressed the opinion, among others Frederich Harbison and Charles A. Myers as quoted by M. Arifin in Comparative Education Science book, factors that affect the education system a indirectly state is as follows:

1.         Historical Factors

History of community growth factor is determined by three interrelated things: education, human capacity and economic growth. On the basis of the above view, Harbison and Myers divided the countries in the world into four levels of growth, namely: the underdeveloped countries (Under Developed Countries), states that the majority of his life progressed (The Pertially Developed Countries), coun- country with an advanced half, the countries that have progressed.

In these countries there is a fundamental nature that originates history behind progress or backwardness. Countries that have developed in the beginning also to transition through the stages of development from time to time based on science and technology as in Western European countries, science and technology developed through research and scientific observation and technology.

2.         Geographic Factors

Human or nation living in a particular natural environment of different situations and different natural condition, the demands of his life. The demands of life due to the influence of geographic factors influence the educational system is needed in the countries concerned. That influence can be seen from two aspects, namely:

a.    Climatological aspects or climate

b.    Aspects of the natural environment and resource riches contained therein

3.         Factors of Economic Life

Overview of economic influence on educational management system viewed from two aspects, namely:

a. Development economics

     Economic development of a country heavily dependent on geographical factors, therefore geographical factors containing a source of power either in the form of capital in the form of material and spiritual mental capital base population.

b. The economic theory of development

     Economic theory guiding the economic development of society in the countries in the world can be divided into three different categories, namely:
1) liberal economic theory

2) The economic theory of social

3) The countries of Non-aligned

4.          State Politics

      State politics is the compass that should guide the management measures. Political state educational policy directs the expected atmospheres realize political ideals of his people. Therefore, educational programs in educational institutions should be managed into centers of education of young generation that is able to pass on political buffetings nation in achieving goals that have been decided by the end of his country's politics.

5.         Factors of Religious Life

      Religion embraced by the people of a country occupied an important place in the system of people's lives. No one on this earth society completely separated from the influence of religion, how even in small ways that influence. In contrast, the religion followed by the people of each country are not the same role in influencing the system of community life. The difference is caused by differences in the role of the role given by the politics of the country concerned. Where the state's political giving people the freedom to profess religion and broadcast, it means that religion played a role in the development of the nation. Such a role in inttegrasikan into sectors of public life through the education system.

6.      Factors Ethnicity

      Effect of racism (ethnicity) in some countries the education system causing separation and division into the life of the community or nation factions confronted each other between each other.

7.      Level of Progress of Civilization

       Each state or nation in the world has a different ability to establish itself in order to achieve the level of progress of civilization itself. However, there are three main factors that a capital base that progress namely:

a. The ability of humans themselves

b. Level of education

c. The growth of the institutional system of society.

CHAPTER III

 CLOSING

          The education system in a country certainly has a relationship or a relationship with a country where the education system there. The educational system has several factors that affect, either directly or indirectly. Factors that affect directly though its impact on other countries is not always the same in the process of changes to the education system, but sooner or later the effects of the above factors will force the community or nation to initiate overcome all the problems that arise through the process of innovation (renewal) of each educational system.

While the factors that affect a country's education system is not directly include: historical factors, geographical factors, factors of economic life, the country's political, religious life factors, factors ethnicity, and level of advancement of civilization.

LIST OF REFERENCES

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